Part A: Background

Foreign direct investing ( FDI ) cyberspace influx can be defined as the value of inward direct investing into a state made by a company or entity in another state. FDI net influx includes refunds of loans, reinvested net incomes, cyberspace of repatriation of capital and intra-company loans.

In 1957, Malaysia achieved its independency ; the economic system has gone through an of import structural change from heavy dependance on gum elastic plantation and Sn excavation to an industrial based economic system. The development of Malaysia economic system is extremely influenced by three serious factors that is public bringing system, foreign investings and fiscal markets. FDI has played an of import function to the economic system in Malaysia as they can lend both fiscal and human capitals. Today, the combination of a well-developed substructure and an educated multilingual work force has made Malaysia go one of the largest regional receivers of FDI. In 2013, Malaysia records highest of all time FDI at RM38 billion.

Australia is qualified as one of the world’s taking in Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) , with a growing of 6.6 % in entire FDI stock. This shows the upturn in world-wide FDI activities since 2010 and the strong place that Australia stands for in viing with other states. There are a few illustrations of investors’ states in Australia such as The United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore and etc.

Japan’s Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) is boosted by an organisation called Nipponese External Trade Organization, in short JETRO. JETRO is an organisation that chiefly focused on advancing FDI into Japan, doing foreign states or companies to put in Japan with a wide scope of support. JETRO aids foreign companies in puting in Japan by giving them information, personal sentiments and audiences. Nipponese market is rather attractive to foreign companies and states due to some grounds: Nipponeses have a high GDP because of high engineering and economic criterion in the state ; Nipponese productiveness contribute about 75 % of the Asiatic Market and so on.

The line graph above illustrated the FDI net influx measured in per centums of Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) by Malaysia, Australia and Japan during the period of 1990 to 2012. By detecting the line graph above, we can cognize that, Japan showed a changeless FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) throughout all the old ages, while Malaysia and Australia showed a fluctuated FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) during this period. In the old old ages, we can detect that Malaysia had a highest FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) by comparing with Australia and Japan. However, after Malaysia experienced fiscal revolution or fiscal crisis, its FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) dropped to the point where it is about similar with Australia FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) in twelvemonth 2012. In 2005, the FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) of Australia had dropped dramatically to the lowest point, -3.5286 and this is besides the lowest FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) compared to Malaysia and Japan throughout all the old ages. Malaysia had reached a extremum of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) which is 8.7628 in twelvemonth 1992 so this is besides the highest FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) compared to Australia and Japan.

There are a few factors impacting Japan to hold a low and stable FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) which are limited entree to information, complicated distribution channels, high revenue enhancement rates, restrictive licensing, antipathy to foreign investors, confronting trouble engaging people and high cost of running concern. In 2008, Japan had recorded a highest FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) , 0.6055. Harmonizing to the Bank of Japan, we can cognize that there is 82.5 % of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) of Japan in 2008 was categorized as extra Merger and Acquisition investing. Besides, there are some suggestions for betterment of Japan’s FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) which are adjust the revenue enhancement and legal model in order to pull cross-border amalgamations and acquisitions, ordinances and beef up the macroeconomic.

Based on the line graph above, we can detect that Malaysia showed a fluctuated FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) during the period of 1990 to 2012. However, Malaysia had reached a extremum of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) which is 8.7628 in twelvemonth 1992. There are few features of Malaysia’s FDI that attract the foreign companies or investors to put in the Malaysia. First of all, Malayan authorities had systematically welcomed FDI with assorted inducements and co-operation given through assorted bureaus. Next, the flow of FDI is good to the investors. Benefits for the investor included entree to local inputs, coevals and repatriation of net incomes and set uping webs with the Malayan authorities. ( Samuel, Abdul and Ong, 1999 ) In 2009, Malaysia showed a lowest FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) which is 0.0567 due to the whole universe fiscal crisis.

As we can observed from the graph, Australia shows a fluctuation in their FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) throughout the old ages from 1990 to 2012. Australia has a strong and stabilised economic system which makes it a extremely preferred and attractive location for foreign states or companies to put in. Australian FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) reached a extremum on the twelvemonth of 2004 followed by a serious bead in 2005 making its lowest FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) throughout the old ages. Australian FDI cyberspace influx ( % of GDP ) did non rather followed the same advancement as the planetary advancement. We can state this by stating the Australia economic system perform strongly despite the universe economic system is sing a lag in the universe economic activities in the early 2000s, all of this contributed to the extremum at the twelvemonth of 2004.

Drumhead Statisticss
Malaya	Australia	Japan
Mean	4.3634	Mean	2.6132	Mean	0.1296
Median	4.6868	Median	2.6047	Median	0.0740
Manner	# N/A	Manner	# N/A	Manner	# N/A
Sample Variance	4.320173	Sample Variance	3.832045	Sample Variance	0.028499
Standard Deviation	17.66442773	Standard Deviation	12.0779898	Standard Deviation	9.072987
Standard Error	0.433398	Standard Error	0.40818	Standard Error	0.035201
Lopsidedness	0.112847	Lopsidedness	-1.0798	Lopsidedness	1.5891
Scope	8.7061	Scope	9.5347	Scope	0.7116
Minimum	0.0567	Minimum	-3.5286	Minimum	-0.1061
Maximum	8.7628	Maximum	6.0061	Maximum	0.6055
Sum	100.3589	Sum	60.1039	Sum	2.9815
Count	23	Count	23	Count	23

Malaysia and Australia show fluctuating tendency in Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) whereas Japan shows a about changeless FDI throughout the old ages. Based on the computation, the mean FDI for these three states, Malaysia, Australia and Japan is 4.3634, 2.6132 and 0.1296 severally in per centum of GDP. Malaysia is graded figure 1 based on the mean FDI net influx, followed by Australia so Japan. Malaysia’s mean FDI cyberspace influx is about two times more than Australia’s FDI, and it’s approximately 34 times more than Japan’s FDI. From this we can see that there is a large difference in Malaysia’s and Japan’s FDI net influx. Second, Malaysia has the biggest median among these two other states which is 4.6868. The average for Australia and Japan is 2.6047 and 0.0740 severally.

Besides that, Malaysia besides owns the highest standard divergence among them, totaling 17.6644 in per centum of GDP. This figure shows that the Malaysia has a bigger and stronger FDI net influx for the past 23 old ages comparing to the other two states. The standard divergence of Australia and Japan is 12.078 and 0.03520 severally which means they have a weaker or smaller FDI net influx in their states compared to Malaysia. However, based on the comparing in the scope of FDI net influx in each state, Australia has the biggest scope among them, which is a enumeration of 9.5347 per centum of GDP whereas the upper limit and lower limit is 6.0061 and -3.5286 in per centum of GDP severally. Followed by Malaysia, the 2nd biggest scope in FDI net influx among the two other states, recorded 8.7061 in per centum of GDP, with a upper limit of 8.7628 and a lower limit of 0.0567 in per centum of GDP. Range for Japan’s FDI cyberspace influx has recorded a sum of 0.7116 per centum of GDP with a maximal FDI cyberspace influx of 0.6055 in per centum of GDP and lower limit of -0.1061 in per centum of GDP.

Part B: Consequences

( I )ANOVA Analysis( Mention to appendix 1. )

Measure 1

Ha‚’ : µa‚?=µa‚‚=µa‚?

Ha‚? : At least one of the µ_Iis non equal ( where_{I =}Malaysia, Australia, Japan )

Measure 2

Significance degree, ?=0.05

Measure 3

Critical value:

F_{? , k-1, n-k}

=F_{0.05, 2, 66}

=3.15

Measure 4

Decision Rule:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) , if test statistic is greater than critical value ( 3.15 ) at=0.05. Otherwise, do non reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) .

Measure 5

Test Statistic:

F-statistic= 38.17511

Measure 6

Decision:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) , since trial statistics ( 38.17511 ) is greater than critical value ( 3.15 ) at=0.05.

Measure 7

Decision:

There is sufficient grounds to reason that at least one mean of the variable is important different among Malaysia, Australia and Japan at=0.05.

two ) Two independent samples mean t-test

• Malaysia v. Australia( Mention to appendix 1. ( 2 ) )

Measure 1

Ha‚’ :

Ha‚? :

Measure 2

Significance degree,?=0.05

Measure 3

Degree of freedom:

Critical value:

T_{?/2, V}

= T_{0.025, 44}

= ±2.0154

Measure 4

Decision Rule:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) if trial statistic is greater than upper edge critical value ( 2.0154 ) . Otherwise, do non reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) .

Measure 5

Test- statistics:

T ==

Measure 6

Decision:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) , since trial statistic ( 2.9398 ) is greater than upper edge critical value ( 2.0154 ) at ?=0.05.

Measure 7

Decision:There is sufficient grounds to reason that the mean of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) of Malaysia is greater than the mean of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) of Australia at=0.05.

• Malaysia v. Japan( Mention to appendix 1. ( 3 ) )

Measure 1

Ha‚’ :

Ha‚? :

Measure 2

Significance degree,?=0.05

Measure 3

Degree of freedom:

Critical value:

T_{?/2, V}

= T_{0.025, 22}

= ±2.074

Measure 4

Decision Rule:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) if trial statistic is greater than upper edge critical value ( 2.074 ) . Otherwise, do non reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) .

Measure 5

Test- statistics:

t==

Measure 6

Decision:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) because trial statistics () is greater than upper critical value ( 2.0739 ) at ?=0.05.

Measure 7

Decision:There is sufficient grounds to reason that the mean of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) of Malaysia is greater than the mean of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) of Japan at=0.05.

• Australia v. Japan( Mention to appendix 1. ( 4 ) )

Measure 1 Ha‚’ : Ha‚? : Measure 2 Significance degree,?=0.05 Measure 3 Degree of freedom: Critical value: T?/2, V = T0.025, 22 = ±2.074 Measure 4

Decision Rule:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) if trial statistic is greater than upper edge critical value ( 2.074 ) . Otherwise, do non reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) .

Measure 5

t=== 6.062

Measure 6 Decision:

Reject void hypothesis ( Ha‚’ ) because trial statistic ( 6.062 ) is greater than upper edge critical value ( 2.069 ) at ?=0.05.

Measure 7

Decision:

There is sufficient grounds to reason that the mean of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) of Australia is greater than the mean of FDI net influx ( % of GDP ) of Japan at=0.05.

Part C: Decision

Foreign direct investing ( FDI ) cyberspace influxs are the value of the direct investing into concern in a state by an person or company from another state. The FDI net influxs of Malaysia, Australia and Japan are observed.

Based on the portion B, One-Way ANOVA Hypothesis Testing showed that that there is at least a FDI net influx mean are non equal among the Malaysia, Australia and Japan. There is a significance difference in the mean of the FDI cyberspace influxs between Malaysia and Australia, Malaysia and Japan, Australia and Japan. Therefore, H₀is rejected. The FDI net influxs among the Australia, Malaysia and Japan are different because they have different economic system activities and position.

From the two independent samples mean t-test, we can reason that Malaysia has a greater mean of FDI cyberspace influxs compared with Australia and Japan. The overall FDI cyberspace influxs of the Malaysia are averagely higher than the Australia and Japan. The FDI net influxs of the Malaysia reached a extremum of approximately 8.7628 % in the twelvemonth 1992. However, the FDI net influxs of the Malaysia decreased and recorded in the lowest degree in the twelvemonth 2001 due to the universe trade recession. Then, the FDI cyberspace influxs have growing steadily in the twelvemonth 2002 to 2007. The FDI net influxs bead dramatically in the twelvemonth 2009 as a consequence of planetary economic crisis. However, the FDI cyberspace influxs rise in 2010 because of the authorities attempt.

From the consequence of Part B, we can cognize that the Japan’s mean of FDI cyberspace influxs are lower than the Australia and Malaysia. The FDI net influxs of the Japan are fluctuating at the low degree compared with Malaysia and Australia. The FDI in Japan is really low because of the slow growing systems, inducements are lower than other Asiatic states and costs of labour, energy and land are excessively high.

Last, there is sufficient grounds to turn out that Australia mean of FDI cyberspace influxs is lower than Malaysia and higher than Japan. Australia has a fluctuating tendency in their FDI net influx. Australian FDI cyberspace influx have reached a extremum of approximately 6.0061 % in the twelvemonth 2004 and followed by a dramatically dropping in 2005 and making its lowest FDI net influx -3.5286 % . Australian FDI cyberspace influx did non affected by the economic system activities of the universe. For illustration, the FDI net influxs of Australia still remain at a normal degree when the universe faced trade recession in the twelvemonth 2001.

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